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HOUSE  OCCUPIED  BY  DAVID  ABEEL,  ON  KOLONGSU. 


SKETCH 


OF 


THE  AMOY  MISSION, 

CHINA. 


BY 

Rev.  JOHN  G.  FAGG. 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  R.  C.  A. 
25  EAST  22D  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 
1899. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/sketchofamoyOOfagg 


MISSION  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE 
REGION  OF  AMOY,  CHINA 


BY  REV.  JOHN  G.  FAGG. 


Location. — The  one  mission  of  our  Church  in  China, 
and  the  oldest  mission,  is  that  known  as  the  Amoy 
Mission.  It  is  situated  on  the  southeast  coast  of 
China,  in  the  province  of  Fukien.  The  province  of 
Fukien  covers  an  area  of  47,000  srpiare  miles,  a little 
less  than  that  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  has  an 
estimated  population  of  ten  millions.  It  is  a province 
of  mountains  and  hills  and  well-watered,  densely- 
populated  valleys.  The  Fukien  Chinese  have  a say- 
ing, in  rhyme,  “Under  the  whole  heavens  there  is- 
nothing  comparable  to  Fukien.”  And  the  people  of 
the  two  districts  of  Chiangchiu  and  Chinchiu,  in 
which  our  work  is  carried  on,  say,  “ In  the  whole 
province  of  Fukien  there  is  nothing  to  be  compared 
to  Chiang  and  Chin.”  They  have  not  spoken  with- 
out reason.  The  harbor  of  Amoy,  with  its  island- 
gem  Kolongsu,  where  the  foreign  population  lives, 
and  other  outlying  islands  and  the  encircling  hills,  is 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  harbors  on  the  -China 
coast.  The  Chiangchiu  and  Siokhe  valleys  are  evei’- 
green  with  verdure.  Clumps  of  graceful,  overhang- 
ing bamboo  line  the  streams  and  cover  the  hills. 
Widespreading  banyans  and  fruitful  mango  and 
lychee  trees  shade  the  numerous  villages.  Great 
stretches  of  ricefields,  sugarcane  and  tobacco  planta- 
tions and  banana  groves  give  variety  to  the  landscape. 


6o  MILES  SOUTHWEST  OF  AMOY, 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


Owing  to  the  density  of  the  pojinlation  the  farms 
are  small,  not  averaging  more  than  two  or  three  acres, 
and  they  are  cultivated  with  the  utmost  diligence. 
Two  and  three  crops  a year  are  gathered  from  the 
same  piece  of  ground.  No  sooner  is  one  crop  rijiened 
and  garnered  than  another  crop  is  put  in.  The  farms 
and  gardens  are  kejit  surprisingly  free  from  weeds. 

The  People  . — The  Amoy  Chinese  are  an  enterpris- 
ing, industrious,  economical,  cheerful,  hospitable, 
people.  All  the  emigration  from  China  is  from  the 
two  provinces  of  Canton  and  Fukien.  Nearly  all  the 
emigration  from  the  Fukien  province  has  been  from 
the  region  of  Amoy.  The  Amoy  emigration  averages 
20,01*0  a year.  The  Amoy  Chinese  have  settled  West- 
ern Formosa.  They  are  found  at  Manila,  Singaiiore, 
Batavia,  Bangkok,  Rangoon,  and  on  the  island  of 
Sumatra.  They  are  the  shopkeepers  and  plantation 
workers  in  those  regions. 

Languagfe* — The  Amoy  dialect  is  spoken  by  five 
million  peojile.  To  the  north  of  the  vkmoy  region 
the  Foochow  and  Ilinghua,  and  to  the  south  and 
west  the  Swatow  and  Hakka  dialects  are  S2)oken. 
These  dialects  differ  from  each  other  as  much  as 
English  from  Cerman  and  German  from  Dutch. 

Cities. — The  jirincipal  cities  in  the  Amoy  region 
are  Amoy,  Chiangchiu,  Chinchiu,  Tongan  and 
Chiohbe.  Amoy  was  one  of  the  first  five  ports  opened 
to  Western  commerce,  and  has  a pojiulation  of  at 
least  200,000.  It  has  an  extensive  coast-wise  and  East 
India  trade,  and  ships  annually  20,000,000  pounds  of 
tea.  The  tea  comes  principally  from  the  island  of 
Formosa  in  small  steamers  and  is  transhipped  at 
Amoy  for  the  United  States  chiefly.  Chiangchiu,  on 


Kev.  DAVID  ABEEL,  D.D. 

(From  an  oil  pamting  by  Prof.  S*  F.  B.  Merge.) 


The  Amoy  Missiox,  Chi-na.  9 

the  West  river,  thirty  miles  west  of  Amoy,  with  a 
population  of  200,000,  is  the  center  of  a large  inland 
trade.  Chinchin,  sixty  miles  north  of  Amoy,  is  an 
important  literary  and  governmental  center,  with  a 
population  of  300,000.  The  English  Presbyterians 
carry  on  a most  promising  work  in  this  city.  Tongan, 
at  the  head  of  the  estuary  reaching  out  from  Amoy 
to  the  north,  with  a population  of  aboirt  60,000,  is  a 
lively  business  town,  shipping  quite  extensive  quan- 
tities of  home-grown  opium.  Siokhe  is  a market 
town,  sixty  miles  southwest  of  Amoy,  at  the  head  of 
boat  navigation  on  the  West  river,  with  a population 
of  6,000. 

History, — The  Amoy  Mission  was  founded  by  Rev. 
David  Abeel,  in  18-12  He  had  labored  among  the 
seamen  at  Canton;  he  had  been  chaplain  for  the  for- 
eign community  at  Singa})ore  for  a year;  he  had 
made  two  extensive  tours  to  Borneo,  Java,  and  Siam 
with  a view  to  the  establishment  of  missions  among 
the  Chinese,  who  had  emigrated  to  those  2)arts.  But 
when,  in  consequence  of  the  Opium  War,  Amoy  was 
thrown  open  to  foreign  trade  and  settlement,  he  im- 
mediately went  there.  He  began  his  work  in  a hired 
house,  under  an  overshadowing  banyan,  on  the  island 
of  Kolongsu.  By  his  courtliness,  affability  and 
manly  consecration  he  won  the  favor  of  both  the 
literary  and  official  classes,  as  well  as  of  the  common 
people.  He  had  interested  hearers  from  the  begin- 
ning. But  his  health,  never  vigorous,  soon  utterly 
failed  and  he  returned  to  the  United  States,  in  1811, 
where  he  died  not  many  months  after.  Before  Abeel 
left.  Rev.  Elihu  Doty  and  Rev.  William  Pohlman 
came  to  Amoy.  They  kad  gone  out  from  our  Church 


Xkn. 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


11 


and  been  engaged  in  missionary  work  among  the 
Chinese  who  had  settled  in  Borneo,  but  the  far  greater 
opportunity  now  open  for  missionary  work  among  the 
Chinese  in  China  itself  brought  them  to  Amoy. 
Pohlman  will  always  be  remembered  as  having  solic- 
ited and  secured  13,000  for  the  first  Protestant  church 
edifice  for  distinctively  Chinese  worshiji  in  China. 
He  superintended  its  erection  at  Amoy  (1848),  where 
the  substantial  building  still  stands  and  Christian 
congregations  still  assemble.  He  went  to  Hongkong 
to  escort  an  invalid  sister,  and  to  buy  furnishings  for 
the  new  church  building.  On  his  return  tlie  ship 
“ Omega,”  in  which  he  sailed,  was  wrecked  off  Breaker 
Point,  120  miles  north  of  Hongkong,  and  by  the 
overturning  of  the  boat  in  which  he  and  the  captain 
and  part  of  the  crew  were  trying  to  get  ashore,  he  was 
drowned. 

Mr.  Doty  continued  with  the  mission  for  twenty 
years,  and  by  his  character  and  work  left  an  enduring 
impression. 

But  the  name  that  stands  out  pre-eminently  in 
connection  with  the  Amoy  Mission  is  that  of  Rev. 
John  Van  Nest  Talmage,  D.D.  He  not  only  helped 
lay  the  foundations  but  built  thereon,  and  never 
knowingly,  through  upwards  of  forty  years  of  service, 
put  in  one  trowelful  of  uutemjiered  mortar.  He  was 
a man  of  unusual  weight  and  power  of  personality. 
His  soundness  of  judgment  made  him  an  adviser 
and  arbitrator  whom  foreigners  and  Chinese  alike 
sought,  and  from  whose  advice  they  were  not  cpiick 
to  turn  away.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates 
of  union  and  co-operation  in  Foreign  missions,  and 
was  mainly  instrumental,  so  far  as  our  Church  was 


12  The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

concerned,  in  the  establishment  of  an  independent 
Chinese  Chnrch  of  the  Keformed  order.  It  embraces 
the  converts  of  both  the  English  Presbyterian  mission 
and  onr  own  mission.  “ It  is  not  an  appendage  of 
either  of  these  foreign  churches,  but  is  a genuine 
independent  Chinese  Christian  church,  holding  the 
standards  and  governed  by  the  polity  of  the  twin- 
sister  churches  that  sent  them  the  gospel  by  their 
own  messengers.  The  missionaries  retain  their  rela- 
tions with  their  own  home  churches,  and  act  under 
commissions  of  their  own  Church  Boards  of  Missions. 
They  are  not  settled  pastors,  but  are  more  like  the 
Apostolic  Evangelists  of  New  Testament  times, 
preachers,  teachers,  founders  of  churches,  educators 
of  the  native  ministry,  superintendents  of  the  general 
work  of  evangelization.”  Dr.  Talmage’s  special  liter- 
ary achievement  was  the  preparation  and  completion 
of  a Character-Colloquial  Dictionary  in  the  Amoy 
dialect,  intended  to  be  of  special  service  to  the  mis- 
sionaries and  the  Chinese  Christian  Church.  In  the 
midst  of  multiplied  duties  and  many  distractions  he 
worked  at  it  for  upwards  of  twenty  years.  Great  and 
good  man,  fervent  preacher,  inspiring  teacher,  wise 
and  sympathetic  counsellor,  generous  friend,  affec- 
tionate father,  the  fragrance  of  his  name  cannot  be 
dissipated,  the  memory  of  his  life  the  multiplying 
years  cannot  crowd  out. 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje  joined  the  mission  in  1858. 
Mr.  Rapalje  has  just  (July,  1899)  returned  to  this 
country  after  upwards  of  forty  years  of  faithful  and 
efficient  service,  llis  unusual  acquaintance  with  the 
Chinese  language,  both  written  and  spoken,  and  his 
remarkable  accuracy  and  facility  of  utterance  have 


The  Amoy  Missiox,  China.  13 

made  him  a higdily  respected  and  much  valued  mis- 
siouary. 

Eev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  went  to  Amoy  in  1861. 
He  has  been  the  geographer  of  the  mission.  He  put 
as  much  painstaking  accuracy  into  his  maps  as  Dr. 
Talmage  did  into  his  dictionary.  He  has  been  a 
constant  traveler  and  a pioneer  in  the  establishment 
of  mission  stations  in  the  region  beyond  Chiangchiu. 
The  evangelization  of  the  Siokhe  valley  and  tributary 
valleys  is  due  principally  to  the  unwearied  tonring 
and  testimony  and  planning  and  supervision  of  Dr. 
Kip. 

Our  missionary  force  in  China  has  never  been  large. 
Eeinforcements  have  beeii  sent  from  time  to  time 
through  the  years.  The  proportion  of  those  who 
conld  not  endure  the  climate  and  were  compelled,  by 
reason  of  broken  health  to  return  to  the  United 
States,  has  been  relatively  large.  Some  have  passed 
away,  and  others  are  still  living,  who  would  gladly 
have  given  their  whole  lives  to  the  evangelization  of 
China,  but  it  could  not  be. 

The  Work.  . — The  work  of  the  mission  is  three-fold. 
Evangelistic,  Educational,  Medical. 

Evangelistic  Work. — The  Amoy  Mission  began  as 
a preaching  mission.  This  was  indicated  in  the  words 
of  Mr.  Pohlman  in  1846,  in  a paper  in  which  he  urged 
all  the  missionaries  coming  to  China  to  learn  to  speak 
the  language  correctly,  and  adds,  “ Be  sure  you  are 
understood,  then  preach,  preach.”  Of  course 

there  is  preaching  in  all  the  churches  and  chapels  at 
the  regular  services  every  Sunday,  to  stated  congre- 
gations of  Christians.  But  more  or  less  informal 
preaching  to  the  heathen  by  the  elders,  school  teachers. 


PASTOR  JAP  HAN-CHIONG. 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


15 


and  other  laymen  with  the  gift  of  utterance  is  goiug 
on  in  the  churches  and  cha^iels  all  through  the  Sab- 
bath-day. There  are  wayside  chapels  which  are  ojiened 
every  afternoon  and  evening,  and  passers-hy  are  at- 
tracted by  the  singing  of  hymns  and  the  testimony  of 
earnest  men  who  hear  witness  to  their  repudiation  of 
idolatry  and  their  faith  in  Jesus  Christ. 

Special  evangelistic  tours  to  hitherto  unvisited  or 
seldom-visited  villages  are  arranged  for  several  days 
of  every  month,  when  the  pastors  and  jireachers  and 
elders  of  a whole  valley  or  a portion  of  a valley  join. 
Christian  literature  is  disseminated.  Portions  of  the 
scriptures,  tracts  on  the  fundamental  truths  of  Chris- 
tianity, tracts  against  ancestral  worship  and  exposing 
idolatry,  are  sold  or  given  away  at  all  the  chapels, 
and  on  these  jireaching  ton  i s.  The  Gospel  story  is 
told  again  and  again  by  the  lady-missionaries  on  their 
house  to  house  visits.  There  are  at  present  connected 
with  our  mission  1 1 self-sup^iorting  churches,  41 
preaching  stations,  12  jiastors,  30  preachers. 

Educational  Work  — The  work  of  education  began 
with  teaching  the  new  converts  how  to  read  the 
already-translated  Scriptures.  It  is  ^lossible,  by  rea- 
son of  the  peculiar  genius  of  the  Chinese  language, 
for  a man  to  know  enough  character  to  make  out  a 
business  announcement  and  write  a business  letter, 
to  whom  the  characters  and  combinations  of  char- 
acters constituting  the  religious  vocabulary  are  an 
unexplainable  puzzle.  Hence  more  or  less  educative 
work  of  this  kind,  teaching  them  how  to  read  the 
Bible  intelligently,  must  be  done  among  all  classes  all 
the  time.  The  children,  too,  must  be  gathered  into 
(Ihristian  schools,  away  from  the  daily  worshiji  of 


NEERBOSCH  HOSPITAL  ; SIOKHE. 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


17 


Confucius  and  the  contaminating  influence  of 
heathen  teachers.  The  need  of  evangelists  and 
teachers  was  felt,  and  the  older  missionaries  gave 
themselves,  so  far  as  they  were  able,  to  the  training 
of  men,  with  the  modest  accommodations  and  limited 
time  at  their  command.  To-day  there  is  a well-aji- 
pointed  Theological  Seminary  building  where  the 
students  of  both  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission 
and  our  own  Mission  are  given  a three  years’  course  in 
Systematic  Theology,  Exposition  of  Scripture,  and 
the  Art  of  Preaching. 

Men  of  character,  ability  and  consecration  have 
gone  out  from  this  institution  and  are  now  serving 
the  churches.  The  Seminary  building  was  put  up 
by,  and  is  the  property,  of  the  English  Presbyterian 
Mission. 

The  Middle  School. — On  one  of  the  most  com- 
manding sites  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu,  stands  the 
Talmage  Memorial  Hall,  the  funds  for  which  were 
raised  by  Rev.  P.  W.  Pitcher.  Here  our  Middle  School 
is  housed,  and  upwards  of  sixty  boys  ;ind  voung  men 
are  given  a good  academic  training.  Besides,  there  is 
a Boys’  Boarding  School  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu, 
and  there  are  boys’  schools  connected  with  every  fully 
constituted  church  in  the  Mission. 

The  education  of  the  women  and  girls  has  received 
attention  from  the  beginning.  The  Charlotte  W. 
Duryee  Bible  School  founded  in  1884  draws  together 
under  its  roof  women  from  many  places  in  the  Amoy 
region  who  never  had  an  opportunity  of  any  school- 
ing in  their  childhood  and  wish,  now  that  they  are 
Christians  and  have  the  opportunity,  to  learn  to  read 
and  understand  the  Bible  for  themselves. 


The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


19 


Mrs.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage  has  superintended  this 
school  for  many  years  and  done  most  excellent  work. 
There  are  two  Boarding  Schools  for  girls  connected 
with  the  Amoy  Mission,  one  on  the  island  of  Kol- 
ongsn,  under  the  care  of  the  Misses  M.  E.  and  K.  M. 
Talmage,  and  one  at  Siokhe.  The  influence  of  these 
schools  is  felt  far  and  wide  for  good  in  the  homes  of 
the  Christian  Cliinese.  There  are  also  day  schools 
for  girls  at  Amoy,  Chiangcliin  and  Tongan. 

Medical  Work  . — No  work  of  the  foreign  mis- 
sionary is  more  thoroughly  appreciated  by  all  classes, 
literati,  ofticials,  merchants,  shop-keepers,  farmers, 
than  the  medical  wmrk.  It  makes  a visible,  tangible, 
sympathetic,  scientific  appeal.  China  has  no  medical 
colleges  except  those  erected  within  recent  years 
under  foreign  influence.  Chinese  2)hysicians  have  ■ 
learned  the  use  of  a few  remedies  as  the  result  of 
long  experience,  some  of  which  are  safely  harmless, 
others  moderately  efficient  and  others  positively  harm- 
ful. At  best  Chinese  medical  knowledge  is  little 
more  than  quackery.  They  know  nothing  whatever 
of  surgery.  The  first  hosjntal  opened  in  connection 
with  the  Amoy  Mission  was  the  Neerbosch  Hospital 
at  Siokhe,  in  1889,  under  the  supervision  of  Eev.  J. 

A.  Otte,  M.l).  The  hospital  proved  a most  effective  ' 
agency  in  breaking  down  prejudice  and  opening  the 
way  to  many  homes  and  villages  for  the  2)reaching  of 
the  Grospel. 

On  Dr.  Otte's  return  to  China  in  1897,  Iloiie  Hos- 
pital was  built  on  the  island  of  Kolongsn,  the  meet- 
ing point  of  junk  and  river-boat  traffic  from  many 
directions,  just  opposite  the  city  of  Amoy.  It  is 


20 


The  Ahoy  Mission,  China. 


already  proving  a mucli  ajjpreciated  pool  of  Siloam 
and  healing  Bethesda. 

Mission  Comity. — The  three  missions  at  ^.moy, 
the  London  Mission  (Congregational),  the  English 
Presbyterian  Mission,  the  Eeformed  Church  Mission, 
as  an  illustration  of  Christian  comity,  and  for  the 
better  prosecution  of  their  respective  M'ork,  have 
divided  the  region  about  Amoy — extending  a hun- 
dred miles  up  and  down  the  coast  and  a hundred 
miles  inland,  into  three  Avell-deflned  sections  within 
whose  bounds  each  mission  is  to  carry  on  its  work. 
Til  is  makes  the  Eeformed  Church  specifically  re- 
sponsible for  the  evangelization  of  at  least  two  mil- 
lion people. 

The  Mission  just  now  is  seriously  undermanned.  A 
strong  reinforcement  is  greatly  needed.  Meanwhile 
faithful  men  and  women  are  standing  guard  and 
doing  earnest  work. 


MISSIONARIES  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN 
AMERICA  TO  AMOY,  CHINA. 

WENT  OUT.  RETIRED. 


Rev.  David  Abeel,  D.D., 

Rev.  Elibu  Doty, 

Mr.s.  Elibu  Doty, 

Mr.s.  Mary  (Smitb)  Doty, 

Rev.  W.  .1.  Poblman, 

Mrs.  Theodosia  R (Scudder) 
Poblman, 

Rev.  ,1.  V.  N.  Talmage.  D.D., 
Mrs.  Abby  F.  (Woodruff) 
Talmage, 

Mrs.  iVIary  E.  (Van  Deventer) 
Talmage, 

Rev.  ,1.  S.  .loralmon, 

Mrs.  .1  S.  Joralmon, 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje, 


1842 

1845* 

1844 

1865* 

1844 

1845* 

1847 

1858* 

1844 

1849* 

1844 

1845* 

1847 

1892* 

1850 

1862* 

1865 

1855 

1860 

1855 

1858 

1860 

The  Amoy  Mission,  China. 


21 


WENT  OUT.  RETIRED. 

Mrs.  Alice  (Ostrom)  Rapalje,  1878 

Rev.  Alviu  O.strom,  1858  1864 

Mrs.  Susan  (Webster)  Ostrom,  1858  1864 

Rev.  John  E.  Watkins,  1860  I860** 

Mrs.  John  E.  Watkins,  1860  I860** 

Miss  Caroline  E.  Adriance,  1860  1863 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  1861 

Mrs.  Helen  (Culbertson)  Kip,  1861 

Rev.  Augustus  Blauvelt,  1861  1864 

Mrs.  Jennie  (Zabriskie)  Blauvelt  1861  1864 

Rev.  J.  Howard  Van  Doren,  1864  1873 

Rev.  .Tohn  A.  Davis,  1868  1871 

Mrs.  Emma  C.  (Wyckoff)  Davis  1868  1871 

Miss  Helen  M.  Van  Doren,  1870  1877 

Miss  Mary  E.  Talmage,  1874 

Miss  Katharine  M.  Talmage,  1874 

Rev.  David  M.  Talmage.  1877  1880 

Rev.  Alexander  S.  Van  Dyck,  1882  1897 

Mrs.  Alice  (Kip)  Van  Dyck,  1886  1897 

Rev.  Philip  W.  Pitcher,  1885 

Mrs.  Anna  F.  (Merritt)  Pitcher,  1885 

Miss  Y.  May  King,  M.D.,  1887  1889 

Rev.  .John  A.  Otte,  M.D.,  1887 

Mrs.  F.  C.  (Phelps)  Otte,  1887 

Rev.  .John  G.  Fagg,  1887  1894 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Gillespie)  Fagg,  1889  1894 

Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Cappon,  1891 

Miss  Nellie  Zwemer,  1891 

Miss  Margaret  C.  Morri.son,  1892 

Miss  Lily  N.  Duryee,  1894 

I.  S.  F.  Dodd,  M.D  . 1894  1895 

Mrs.  Mary  (Carpenter)  Dodd,  1894  1895 

Rev.  A.  b.  D.  Fraser,  1895  1898 

F.  T.  B.  Fest,  M.D  . 1896  1898 

Mrs.  Emmy  M.  (Hartwig)  Fest,  1896  1898 

Rev.  Hobart  E.  Studley,  1896 

Mrs.  Edith  J.(Holbrow)  Studley  1898 

Miss  M.  Van  B.  Calkoen,  1896 

C.  Otto  Stumpf,  M.b.,  1899 

Mrs.  Eleanor  (Barwood)  Stumpf  1899 

IVIiss  Angie  M.  Myers,  M.D. , 1899 

Miss  Loui.se  Brink,  1899 

* Deceased. 

**  Rev.  John  E.  Watkins  and  his  wife  sailed  from  New  York 
to  join  the  Mission  in  1860,  and  were  never  heard  from 


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